Introduction Inflation has been the economic buzzword of the past few years. From grocery bills to mortgage payments, households across the globe have felt the sting of rising prices. Central banks scrambled to raise interest rates, governments rolled out subsidies, and businesses struggled to balance costs with consumer demand. Yet, as we step into 2025,…
The United States has increasingly utilized its economic might as a tool of statecraft in the twenty-first century. The United States has increasingly utilized its economic might as a tool of statecraft in the twenty-first century. Washington has employed tariffs, sanctions, and military force to influence the actions of its adversaries. Two of the most…
It is no surprise that Pakistan has secured a $7 billion Extended Fund Facility from the IMF — a lifeline for a government staggering under debt repayments, dwindling reserves, and a suffocating fiscal deficit. On paper, this appears to be salvation. In reality, the IMF’s Governance and Corruption Diagnostic Report (November 2025) makes clear that…
